multivariate-statistics/figures/schemes/coordinates_systems.tex

\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}

\begin{document}
\usetikzlibrary{3d}
% 1D axis
\begin{tikzpicture}[->]
    \begin{scope}[xshift=0]
    \draw (0, 0, 0) -- (xyz cylindrical cs:radius=1) node[right] {$x$}; 
    \end{scope}
% 2D coordinate system
    \begin{scope}[xshift=50]
    \draw (0, 0, 0) -- (xyz cylindrical cs:radius=1) node[right] {$x$};
    \draw (0, 0, 0) -- (xyz cylindrical cs:radius=1,angle=90) node[above] {$y$};
    \end{scope}
% 3D coordinate systems
\begin{scope}[xshift=100]
    \draw (0, 0, 0) -- (xyz cylindrical cs:radius=1) node[right] {$x$};
    \draw (0, 0, 0) -- (xyz cylindrical cs:radius=1,angle=90) node[above] {$y$}; 
    \draw (0, 0, 0) -- (xyz cylindrical cs:z=1) node[below left] {$z$};
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}